【作者简介】李 晋

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2025年第5期

【内容提要】埃文思-普里查德的阿赞德研究是探讨“土著如何思考”的经典著作，该研究通过分析巫术和魔法，展示了阿赞德人如何通过巫术和魔法理解灾祸发生的因果联系。本文尝试在一个不断变化的理论框架下梳理阿赞德研究的意义和价值。阿赞德研究融合了结构-功能论与年鉴学派的方法，同时凭借丰富的田野素材，在后来的语言转向、历史转向、写文化、伦理转向与本体论转向中都得到了关注。今天的研究者需要关注阿赞德研究如何在学科史的变迁中被不同理论接纳、吸收和理解。魔法与因果关系的联结揭示了非西方理性与人类思维运作的重要规律。中国人类学应该从这个自身较少关注的领域看到人总是从最习惯的语言、逻辑和道德解释周遭世界的变化，以魔法和巫术思维为逻辑的信仰实践在世界很多地方是现代性的组成部分。

【关键词】埃文思-普里查德 / 阿赞德研究 / 魔法和巫术 / 非西方理性

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V13/I5/75

Magic, Rationality, and the Evolution of Anthropological Thought: A Reappraisal of Evans⁃Pritchard’s Azande Research

Abstract: Evans⁃Pritchard’s Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande is a foundational text in anthropology and a landmark in the study of“how natives think”. By exploring Azande beliefs in witchcraft and magic, the work illuminates their causal reasoning in the face of misfortune. This article examines the significance and evolving value of Azande studies within shifting theoretical frameworks. Originally situated within the paradigms of functionalism and the Annales School,Evans⁃Pritchard’s ethnography has since been revisited through the lenses of the linguistic turn, the historical turn, reflexive approaches to ethnographic writing, the ethical turn, and the ontological turn. This paper argues for renewed attention to how Azande studies have been embraced, adapted, and recontextualized by successive theoretical currents in anthropology.The connection between magic and causality reveals the important laws governing the operation of non-western rationality and human thinking. People usually explain the changes in the world around them from the language, logic, and morality, they are most accustomed to, and this is a relatively underestimated aspect for Chinese Anthropology to learn from.