【作者简介】李荣荣，中国社会科学院社会学研究所

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2025年第4期

【内容提要】本文借鉴“实验室研究”的思路，通过剖析医生的诊断技术来理解精神疾病的临床建构，进而探讨一种有别于在社会层面追踪诊断类别之形成历史及社会后果的研究思路。在将各种身心苦痛从含混的、模糊的、未知的状态，转化为可以清晰命名、加以治疗的精神障碍的临床过程中，既存在着国际诊断标准、专家共识、测评量表等标准化诊疗工具，又贯穿着临床医生的匹配、转译、降噪等技术操作与逻辑。诊断既是社会行为，也是技术行为，分析诊断技术意在为既有讨论补充医生及临床技术视角，从而丰富对精神疾病建构论的理解。

【关键词】精神医学 / 诊断技术 / 建构 / 实在 / 转译

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V13/I4/5

Matching, Translation, and Noise Reduction:An Anthropological Analysis of Clinical Diagnostic Technologies for Mental Disorders

Abstract: This paper employs the methodology of“laboratory studies”to examine the clinical construction of mental illness by analyzing physicians’diagnostic techniques, thereby proposing an alternative research approach distinct from tracing the historical formation and social consequences of diagnostic categories at the societal level. In the clinical process of transforming ambiguous, vague, or unknown somatic and psychological distress into clearly named and treatable mental disorders,standardized diagnostic tools, such as international diagnostic criteria, expert consensus, and assessment scales, interact with clinicians’technical operations and logic, including matching, translating, and noise reduction. Diagnosis is both a social act and a technical act. Analyzing diagnostic techniques aims to supplement existing discussions with the perspectives of physicians and clinical practices, thereby enriching the understanding of the social construction of mental illness.