【作者简介】宋锴业，山东大学政治学与公共管理学院；徐雅倩，中国海洋大学国际事务与公共管理学院

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2025年第1期

【内容提要】基于全国多地政府部门的深度访谈和参与式观察，本文以全国一体化政务服务平台为例，通过分析其运作时涉及信息、协调、监督与管理的诸环节，揭示了平台组织给国家治理功能带来的变化。平台组织使得过去依赖地方提供信息的中央可以直接与公众对话，基层政府转变为“借渠道”和“要数据”，重塑了需求回应过程中的中央与地方关系。国家通过平台组织将识别回应社会需求的任务变成政府、平台企业、公众的共享任务，由此社会突触与国家中枢相连，促进了资源共享并重振了团结。围绕着平台组织形成的内外部监督评价，不仅使国家以新的方式“看到”社会，也使公众更清晰“看到”国家。在上述过程中，平台组织运行围绕着精确性达成目标——这亦成为平台组织运行管理的主要特色。这一特征与地方治理能力、公众需求之间的张力也构成了重大的时代性议题。

【关键词】平台组织 / 国家治理 / 社会需求 / 政务平台

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V13/I1/28

The Rise of Platform Organizations and National Governance Functions

Abstract: Based on in-depth interviews and participatory observations with government departments across the country, this article takes the national integrated government service platform as an example to analyze the various links involved in its operation, including“information”,“coordination”,“supervision”, and“management”, revealing the changes brought by the platform organization to the national governance function. The platform organization enables the central government, which relied on local information in the past, to directly engage in dialogue with the public. Grassroots governments have transformed into“borrowing channels”and “demanding data”, reshaping the relationship between the central and local governments in the demand response process. The state has transformed the task of identifying and responding to social needs into a shared task for the government, platform enterprises, and the public through platform organizations, thereby connecting the“social synapse”with the“national center”,promoting resource sharing, and revitalizing unity. The internal and external supervision and evaluation formed around the platform organization not only allows the country to“see”society, but also enables the public to“see”the country more clearly. In the above process, the platform organization operates around the goal of“precision”,which has also become the main characteristic of platform organization operation management. This feature, along with the tension between local governance capacity and public demand, also constitutes a significant issue.