【作者简介】袁陆仪，肖文明，中山大学社会学与人类学学院

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2025年第1期

【内容提要】生育问题是涂尔干非常重视的一个议题，但无论是人口学界抑或涂尔干研究界，都未充分重视涂尔干对生育问题的研究。本文系统梳理了涂尔干关于生育问题的论述，总结出其将生育作为道德现象的独特视角，发现重建社会团结与道德秩序的核心关切贯穿始终。针对低生育水平和非婚生育两种现象，涂尔干反对功利主义的解释进路，强调生育水平的变化应该诉诸道德原因，认为个人主义的兴起才是生育水平下降的首要推动力；非婚生育现象的根源则在于性的失范，需要依靠婚姻与性规范之重建加以匡正。探究涂尔干的生育论述，既可深化对涂尔干社会思想的认识，也可为人口理论建构提供新的视角，并为认识当前中国的人口形势提供启发。

【关键词】生育 / 道德现象 / 个人主义 / 失范

【全文链接】http://src.ruc.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V13/I1/119

Fertility as a Moral Phenomenon: Durkheim on Fertility

Abstract: Fertility is an issue to which Durkheim attached great importance, while the academia of neither demography nor Durkheimian study has paid enough attention to it. This article sorts out Durkheim’s discourse on the issue of fertility systematically and finds his unique perspective regarding fertility as a moral phenomenon, which is replete with Durkheim’s concern for rebuilding social solidarity and moral order. For the problems of low fertility and out-of-wedlock fertility, he rejects the utilitarian approach and stresses that the explanations of low fertility should resort to moral factors, the most important of which is the rise of individualism, and that out-of-wedlock fertility derives from sexual anomie, which has to be corrected through the reconstruction of marital and sexual norms. Exploring Durkheim’s discourse on fertility helps deepen knowledge of his social thoughts, provides another perspective for the construction of demographic theory and also brings illumination to understanding the demographic situation in today’s China.